The following answer is from Quora. And it is so perfectly written, that I will re-publish it in full:
There are a number of diseases for which blood transfusion will be required. Many of them are blood-related conditions.
Patients suffering from red blood cell disorders are among those who will likely require blood transfusions.Anemia in particular is a disease that may involve transfusion as part of its treatment, given that it stems from a deficiency in red blood cells. Iron-deficiency anemia and Aplastic anemia are two types of anemia for which blood transfusion may be necessary. Morever, there are a number of chronic diseases that cause severe anemia symptoms, such as Chron’s disease, systemic lupus and rheumathoid arthritis. These symptoms can be relieved by a transfusion.
Regular blood transfusion is the only treatment available for Thalassamia, an inherited blood disorder who’s patients cannot produce haemoglobin. Transfusion can also temporarily treat complications that arise from another inherited blood disorder, sickle cell disease.
Multiple myeloma is a white blood cell disorder which required periodic blood transfusions to replenish blood cell components that are lost due to bone marrow damage. The chemotherapy drugs that are taken by patients of white blood cell disorders such as Multiple myeloma and Leukemia reduce blood cell production, and thus blood transfusions are necessary to make up for this loss.
Haemophilia and Von Willebrand disease are inherited plasma disorders that result in excessive bleeding – which necessitates blood transfusions.
Source: What are the diseases that require steady/periodic blood transfusion?
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Hello Mr. Dammann,
You overlooked one significant hemoglobin disorder in you Anemia section – Sickle Cell Disease. It is the most common inherited blood disorder in the US and the world. Many children and adults living with sickle cell require monthly transfusions to treat or prevent complications like stroke, pulmonary hypertension, and aplastic anemia.
Please do consider sickle cell disease in your future articles.
Thank you,
Sickle Cell Thalassemia Patients Network