In my ongoing series called Where in the World does Rh negative Blood come from? I am discussing research, some theories, thoughts and credible source I have not yet had a chance to examine.
If you haven’t done so yet, you can read part 1 first:
This is also worth looking at:
Mathieson et al. (2015, 2018) found that a male hunter-gatherer from Lebyanzhinka, Samara Oblast who lived ca. 5650-5540 BCE belonged to Y-haplogroup R1b1a1a and U5a1d.[6][7]
About those haplogroup:
Early human remains found to carry R1b include:
Several males of the Iron Gates Mesolithic in the Balkans buried between 11200 and 8200 BP carried R1b1a1a. These individuals were determined to be largely of WHG ancestry, with slight Eastern Hunter-Gatherer (EHG) admixture.[9]
- Males of the closely related Yamnaya culture[12] (c. 5300-4800 BP) Afanasievo culture[28][29] (5300-4500 BP), Catacomb culture (4800-3700 BP), Poltavka culture[12] (4700-4100 BP) and Bell Beaker culture (4800-3800 BP) of Eurasia overwhelmingly carry R1b1a1a2a2.[12][30]
U5a1d arose around 19000 years ago and has polymorphisms in 3027 ( + U5a1 polymorphisms).
The age of U5 is estimated at between 25,000 and 35,000 years old,[22] roughly corresponding to the Gravettian culture. Approximately 11% of Europeans (10% of European-Americans) have some variant of haplogroup U5.
U5 was the predominant mtDNA of mesolithic Western Hunter Gatherers (WHG).
U5 has been found in human remains dating from the Mesolithic in England, Germany, Lithuania, Poland, Portugal, Russia,[23] Sweden,[24] France[25] and Spain.[26] Neolithic skeletons (~7,000 years old) that were excavated from the Avellaner cave in Catalonia, northeastern Spain included a specimen carrying haplogroup U5.[27]
Haplogroup U5 and its subclades U5a and U5b today form the highest population concentrations in the far north, among Sami, Finns, and Estonians. However, it is spread widely at lower levels throughout Europe. This distribution, and the age of the haplogroup, indicate individuals belonging to this clade were part of the initial expansion tracking the retreat of ice sheets from Europe around 10,000 years ago.
The modern Basques and Cantabrians possess almost exclusively U5b lineages (U5b1f, U5b1c1, U5b2).[28][29]
Additionally, haplogroup U5 is found in small frequencies and at much lower diversity in the Near East and parts of northern Africa (areas with sizable U6 concentrations), suggesting back-migration of people from Europe toward the south.[30]
Mitochondrial haplogroup U5a has also been associated with HIV infected individuals displaying accelerated progression to AIDS and death.[31]
U5 was the main haplogroup of mesolithic European hunter gatherers. U haplogroups were present at 83% in European hunter gatherers before influx of Middle Eastern farmer and steppe Indo-European ancestry decreased its frequency to less than 21%.[19]
The Gravettian was an archaeological industry of the European Upper Paleolithic that succeeded the Aurignacian circa 33,000 years BP. Wikipedia
As previously mentioned: