Thank you, Ewa for your information.
The Dnieper or Dnipro is one of the major rivers of Europe, rising in the Valdai Hills near Smolensk, Russia, before flowing through Belarus and Ukraine to the Black Sea. It is the longest river of Ukraine and Belarus and the fourth-longest river in Europe, after the Volga, Danube, and Ural rivers. Wikipedia
Samara culture is the archaeological term for an eneolithic culture that bloomed around the turn of the 5th millennium BCE, located in the Samara bend region of the upper Volga River. Wikipedia
And now this:
The Samara culture was an eneolithic culture of the early 5th millennium BCE[note 1] at the Samara bend region of the middle Volga, at the northern edge of the steppe zone.[2] It was discovered during archaeological excavations in 1973 near the village of Syezzheye (Съезжее) in Russia. Related sites are Varfolomievka on the Volga (5500 BCE), which was part of the North Caspian culture,[clarification needed] and Mykol’ske, on the Dnieper. The later stages of the Samara culture are contemporaneous[2] with its successor culture in the region, the early Khvalynsk culture (4700–3800 BCE),[3][note 1] while the archaeological findings seem related to those of the Dniepr-Donets II culture[2] (5200/5000–4400/4200 BCE).[4]
Dnieper-Donets culture
From present-day Ukraine, our study reports new genome-wide data from seven Mesolithic (~9500-6000 BCE) and 30 Neolithic (~6000-3500 BCE) individuals. On the cline from WHG- to EHG-related ancestry, the Mesolithic individuals fall towards the East, intermediate between EHG and Mesolithic hunter-gatherers from Scandinavia (Figure 1B).7 The Neolithic population has a significant difference in ancestry compared to the Mesolithic (Figures 1B, Figure 2), with a shift towards WHG shown by the statistic D(Mbuti, WHG, Ukraine_Mesolithic, Ukraine_Neolithic); Z=8.5 (Supplementary Information Table 2). Unexpectedly, one Neolithic individual from Dereivka (I3719), which we directly date to 4949-4799 BCE, has entirely NW Anatolian Neolithic-related ancestry.
We report new Upper Palaeolithic and Mesolithic data from southern and western Europe.17 Sicilian (I2158) and Croatian (I1875) individuals dating to ~12,000 and 6100 BCE cluster with previously reported western hunter-gatherers (Figure 1B&D), including individuals from Loschbour23 (Luxembourg, 6100 BCE), Bichon19 (Switzerland, 11,700 BCE), and Villabruna17 (Italy 12,000 BCE). These results demonstrate that WHG populations23 were widely distributed from the Atlantic seaboard of Europe in the West, to Sicily in the South, to the Balkan Peninsula in the Southeast, for at least six thousand years.
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